Explain the various ways in which a typical cell is adapted to its functions (20 marks)

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Having a cell membrane; with pores; that regulates substances entering and leaving the cell;
Cytoplasm; contain sugars and salts; for maintaining its osmotic pressure; also has a liquid medium; for all biochemical reactions;
Having nucleus; contain chromosomes having hereditary material; and controls all the activities of the cell;
Having Ribosomes;  sites for protein synthesis;
Presence of golgi bodies/apparatus ; for secretion of hormones and enzymes; formation of lysosomes;
Presence of lysosomes; containlytic enzymes for breaking down worn-out organelles;
Having secretory vesicles ; formed from golgi apparatus for secreting substances;
Presence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; synthesizes and transports lipids;
Posses rough endoplasmic reticulum; transport proteins;
Nucleolus present; controls the activities of the nucleus; produces ribosomes;
Mitochondria present; form sites for energy production;
Centrioles presence; for formation of cilia and flagella; forms spindle fibres used in cell division;
Having plant sap vacuoles ; store salts and other dissolved substances; controls osmotic pressure and turgidity of cells;
Presence of food vacuoles; involved in digestion of engulfed food;
Chloroplasts presence; Are sites for photosynthesis in plant cells;
Have cellulose cell wall; rigid as to maintain the shape of the cell and offer mechanical support.
 Max. 20 mks

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